Improved Varieties of Coriander
| SlNo | Variety | Average Yield (kg/ha) | Essential oil % | Duration (days) | Salient feature |
| 1 | Guj. Cor.1 | 1100 | 0.35 | 112 | Suitable for early sowing, erect plant, round bold grains, moderately tolerant to wilt and powdery mildew |
| 2 | Co.1 | 440 | 0.27 | 110 | A variety with small statuted plant, suitable for rainfed areas and for greens and grains, small grain |
| 3 | CO-2 | 520 | 0.40 | 90-100 | A dual purpose variety, suitable for saline, and alkaline and drought prone areas seeds oblong, medium. |
| 4 | CO-3 | 650 | 0.360.40-0.41 | 85-95 | A dual purpose variety, good yielder, medium sized grains, suitable for both rainfed and irrigated condition, rabi as well as kharif season. Field tolerant to powdery mildew, wilt and grain mould. |
| 5 | CO(CR) 4 | 600 | 0.4 | 65-70 | Early maturing variety suitable for both rainfed and irrigated condition; grains oblong and medium; field tolerant to wilt and grain mould |
| 6 | GUJ. COR.2 | 1450 | 0.40 | - | Semi spreading type, suitable for early sowing, moderately tolerant to powdery mildew, grains oblong, lodging and shattering resistant. |
| 7 | Rajendra Swathi | 1300 | 0.65 | - | Medium sized plant with fine, aromatic round grains, Suitable for intercropping, field tolerance to aphids |
| 8 | Sadhana | 1025 | 0.20 | 95- 110 | A dual purpose, semi-erect variety; Suitable for rainfed condition field tolerance to white fly, mites and aphids. A mid-late variety withstands moisture stress, responded well to input management under optimum moisture level |
| 9 | SWATHI | 855 | 0.30 | 82 – 85 | Plants medium size semi-erect type, early maturing variety, suitable for rainfed condition, and late sown season. Field tolerant to white fly, moderately tolerant to disease. Suits well to the areas where the soil moisture retentiveness in comparably less, being early maturity. It escapes powdery mildew disease |
| 10 | CS 287 | 600 | - | - | Early maturing variety, suitable for both rainfed and irrigated condition. Field tolerant to wilt and grain mould. |
| 11 | SINDHU | 1000 | 0.40 | 100-110 | Oval medium breakable grains, suitable for rainfed areas, tolerant to wilt, powdery mildew as well as drought condition, medium duration. |
| 12 | HISAR ANAND | 1400 | 0.35 | - | A medium tall dual purpose variety, oval medium sized seeds, wider adaptability to different soil conditions. Resistant to lodging due to spreading habit. |
| 13 | HISAR SUGANDH | 1400 | - | - | Suitable for irrigated conditions. Resistant to stem gall disease |
| 14 | HISAR SURABHI | 1800 | 0.4-0.5 | 130-140 | Bushy erect plant type, seed medium, oblong; tolerant to frost, less susceptible to aphids, medium duration |
| 15 | AZAD DHANIA-1 | 1000 | 0.29 | 120 – 125 | Erect early branching, number of umbellate per umbel 5, tolerant to moisture stress, powdery mildew and aphids |
| 16 | PANT HARITIMA | 1200 | 0.4 | 150 – 160 | Tall erect plant, a dual purpose type, good yielder of leaves, smaller seeds with high oil. Resistant to stem gall.. |
| 17 | DWA 3* | 400 | 0.27 | - | A dual purpose variety and for seed production in rabi crop, moderately tolerant to powdery mildew, black clay soils are best suited |
| 18 | SIMPOS-33 | 2100 | 13 | - | Tall erect, compact, profusely branching and flowering, grains small and bold. Mainly recommended for oil production |
| 19 | ACR- 01- 256(NRCSS ACR-1) | 1100 | 0.35 – 5 | - | Dual purpose variety, long duration, resistant to stem gall and wilt. |
| 20 | RCR 20 | 900 | 0.25 | 100 – 110 | Medium sized bushy plant suitable for rainfed crop or limited moisture condition and heavy soils of south Rajasthan. Moderately resistant to stem gall, bold grains, early maturity. |
| 21 | RCR 41 | 909 | 0.25 | 130 – 140 | A tall erect plant with thick stem. Grows well under irrigated conditions, resistant to stem gall, wilt and moderately resistant to powdery mildew ;small seeds (9.3g/1000 seed),long duration variety |
| 22 | RCR 435 | 1000 | 0.33 | 110 – 130 | Plants are bushy, erect, bold seeds, medium sized, medium maturing variety, adapted for irrigated condition moderately resistant to root knot and powdery mildew. |
| 23 | RCR 436 | 1100 | 0.33 | 90 – 100 | Plants semi dwarf, bushy type with quick early growth and bold seeds. Resistant to root rot and root knot nematodes most suitable for limited moisture condition and heavy soils of south Rajasthan |
| 24 | RCR 446 | 1200 | 0.33 | - | Plants tall, are leafy erect with higher number of seeds per umbel. Seeds are medium in size and moderately resistant to stem gall. |
| 25 | RCR – 684 | 990 | 0.32 | 110 – 120 | A variety, resistant to stem gall and less susceptible the powdery mildew. Adapted to medium heavy textured soil and sandy loam soil under irrigation. Seeds of the variety are bold. Plants are tolerant and erect with higher number of seeds per umbel, medium maturity. |
Seasonal Pattern of Coriander
Coriander is mainly a Rabi crop in India and sowing starts in the middle of October and extends until November-end. The crop requires 4-6 irrigations. The sowing of coriander starts post the harvesting of these two crops without much land preparation. The moisture content in the soil left over after harvesting of Kharif crops determines the sowing pattern of coriander. Crop duration of coriander is about 110-140 days and harvested in February – March.
Land preparation
For raising a rainfed crop like Coriander, the land should be ploughed 2 times following rains and field must be planted immediately to break the clods and to avoid soil moisture. If irrigated, the land is ploughed twice or thrice and beds and channels are formed. First irrigation is given 3 days after sowing and thereafter at 10 to 15 days interval depending upon the soil moisture available in the soil.16.Saline and alkaline soil is not suitable.
Sowing / Planting / Cultivation
- Seed Treatment: Coriander seed is split by rubbing on floor and treated with Trichoderma 8 to10 gm/kg of seed to protect from wilt.
- The seeding rate for coriander production is generally 15 to 20kg/ha. Some farmers clean their coriander to market specifications and keep the splits for seed.
- Row spacing can be 6 to 12 in. (15 - 30 cm) in heavy soils up to 40 cm, plant to plant is 20 cm with a seeding depth of 2 - 3 cm.
- Time of sowing can vary between 15th Oct and 15th Nov.
- Sowing can be done with conventional equipment, but press drills appear to produce the best results on a firm, moist seedbed when the danger of frost is over.
- It is critical that seeding be done on a clean field because the crop may take a long time to emerge and the canopy closes very slowly.
- Seed rate for Rainfed is 20 kg/ha and for irrigated is 10-16 kg/ha
Climatic and Soil Requirement
Coriander requires cool climate during growth and warm dry climate during seed maturity, so it is mainly cultivated as a Rabi crop in India/Rajasthan. It can be cultivated in all types of soils but comes up well on well drained loamy soils. Coriander is a tropical crop and can be grown throughout the year (except very hot season i.e. March-May) for leaf purpose, but for higher grain yield it has to be grown in specific season. A dry and cold weather free from frost especially during flowering and fruit setting stage favours good grain production. Cloudy weather during flowering and fruiting stage favours pest and disease incidences. Heavy rain affects the crop. As an irrigated crop, it can be cultivated on almost all types of soils provided sufficient organic matter is applied. A black cotton soil with high retentively of moisture is best under rainfed conditions.
Coriander is well suited to growing on a range of soils, but it performs best on well-drained loam and fine textured soils. Suitable pH ranges are from 4.5 to 8.0, with an optimum of 6.3. It has an optimum growing temperature of 18° C. Hot, dry winds during flowering (anthesis) can lead to the dropping of flowers, resulting in substantial yield reduction. It has also been noted that volatile oil content increases during cool, moist summers. The use of honeybees as pollinators can improve coriander seed yield. The coriander plant is well adapted to the tropical and sub-tropical climatic conditions. Coriander requires cool climate during growth stage and warm dry climate at maturity. It is observed that quality of the seed is superior and essential oil content is more when the crop is grown in cool climatic conditions. The crop matures in 110-140 days, hence under optimum conditions it requires 120-150 days LGP (Length of Growing Period). The production of coriander seeds is regulated by most limiting factor (s). The limitations considered for assessment of soils are climatic, topographic, wetness, salinity yard alkalinity, soil fertility and physical limitation. The criteria of soil depth, slope, texture, erosion, available water content (AWC) and length of growing period (LGP) are very important for assessment of soils suitability.
Coriander prefers a deep, fertile soil which can be either light or heavy, as long as it is well draining.
Nutrients Management
Adequate nutrient supply increases the seed and oil yields by improving the setting pattern of siliquae on branches, number of siliqua/plant, and other yield attributes. Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) for different zones changes with climate; soil type, time, and type of cropping systems are followed. About 15 to 20 ton/ha of farmyard manure is applied at the time of last preparation.
The nutrient management system during various stages of production is given below:
Pre-sowing State
- Nutrients should be applied on the basis of soil test report and recommendation for particular agro climatic zone.
- Apply 4-5 tons of farmyard manure or vermi-compost @1.5- 2.0 t/acre at the time of last cultivation (Late cultivation variety) and incorporate in the soil 2 to 3 weeks before sowing.
- Incubate Trichoderma @ 500 g in 100 Kg FYM for 15 days prior to its application in one acer field
Flowering/Maturity State
- Micronutrient deficiency should be corrected by foliar spray of particular micronutrient.
Water management
Irrigation requirement is depending upon the parameters such as climate, soil moisture level, and the variety used. Standard irrigation schedule is 4–5 irrigations 30–35, 60–70, 80–90, 100–105 and 110–150 days after sowing.22Light soils are irrigated at the interval of 20 days & heavy soils at the interval of 40 days .Field should be irrigated lightly in coriander.
Weed Management
- First weeding is done 20 to 25 days after sowing and second weeding in irrigated coriander may be done between 50 and 60 days of sowing depending upon the weed growth. Herbicides may also be applied for weed control.
- Proper soil moisture at the time of application of weedicide is essential.
- Weed management system at different stages of production is as follows:
Pre-sowing State
- Summer ploughing should be done in hottest month of the year (May –June).and soil solarization should be done with transparent polyethylene sheet or Adopt stale seed bed in irrigated fields and allow the weed seeds to germinate.
- Then field is cultivated immediately before sowing of crop to destroy the germinating weed seeds.
Sowing State
- Always use certified and weed free seeds.
- Line sowing should be done to facilitate inter-culture operations.
- Plant population should be maintained to its optimum right from its beginning to minimize the crop- weed competition or adopt soil
Vegetative State
- During early stages of growth, coriander plants grow very slow, hence weeding during this period is very essential to save the plants from weed competition.
- Two hand hoeing should be done at 25 and 50 days after sowing to keep the field weed free before flowering.
- In rain fed crop, first weeding should be done at about 25-30 days after sowing and in irrigated crop about 30-35 days after sowing and second weeding at 50-60 days after sowing.
- Thinning of plants should be done before first irrigation to maintain a spacing of 5 to 10 cm between plants.
Flowering/Maturity State
• Left over weeds should be removed from the field to avoid further spread of weed seeds.
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